English Grammar Mastery

English Grammar – Marathi Learner's Journey

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English Grammar Mastery

Your step-by-step journey from basics to fluency

मराठीतून इंग्रजी शिका — सहज, सुंदर, आत्मविश्वासाने

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🌱 Beginner Level

✅ Start Here — Foundation

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1. Alphabet & Sounds Start

वर्णमाला आणि उच्चार — इंग्रजीची पहिली पायरी

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📌 What is the Alphabet?

English has 26 letters: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
5 are vowels: A, E, I, O, U — they make sound on their own.
21 are consonants — they need a vowel to make a full syllable.

Vowels: A E I O U | Consonants: B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z

🗒️ मराठीत: इंग्रजीत २६ अक्षरे आहेत. त्यातील ५ स्वर (A, E, I, O, U) आहेत आणि २१ व्यंजन आहेत. स्वरांशिवाय कोणताही शब्द बोलता येत नाही.

🌟 Daily Life Tip

When you spell your name to someone (at a hotel, hospital, office), you say each letter one by one. Example: "My name is Ravi — R-A-V-I."
तुमचे नाव सांगताना प्रत्येक अक्षर वेगळे उच्चारा.

🏨 At a hotel — reception

"My name is Priya — P-R-I-Y-A."

माझे नाव प्रिया आहे — P-R-I-Y-A.

Spelling your name clearly

📱 On the phone

"Can you spell that? — Yes, it's KUMAR — K-U-M-A-R."

ते शब्दशः सांगाल का? — हो, कुमार — K-U-M-A-R.

Asking someone to spell a word

🏫 In school

"The teacher asked us to arrange the words in alphabetical order."

शिक्षकांनी शब्द वर्णक्रमानुसार लावायला सांगितले.

Alphabetical = A to Z order

Sounds like "Ay"

As in "Apple" /æ/ or "Ape" /eɪ/ — मराठीत: अ किंवा ए

Sounds like "Ee"

As in "Egg" /ɛ/ or "Even" /iː/ — मराठीत: ए किंवा ई

Sounds like "Eye"

As in "It" /ɪ/ or "Ice" /aɪ/ — मराठीत: इ किंवा आई

🔊 Pronunciation Secret

The same letter can have DIFFERENT sounds! "A" in "cat" = /æ/ (short) but "A" in "cake" = /eɪ/ (long). Listen carefully!
एकच अक्षर वेगवेगळ्या शब्दांत वेगळे उच्चारले जाते — हे इंग्रजीचे विशेष आहे!

Letter

Noun

अक्षर

A character of the alphabet

Vowel

Noun

स्वर

A, E, I, O, U

Consonant

Noun

व्यंजन

Non-vowel letters

Spell

Verb

शब्दशः सांगणे

Say letters one by one

Alphabet

Noun

वर्णमाला

All letters A–Z

Capital

Adj

मोठे अक्षर

Uppercase letter (A not a)

❓ Which of these is a VOWEL?

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2. Nouns — People, Places & Things Key

नामे — व्यक्ती, ठिकाण, गोष्टी यांची नावे

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📌 What is a Noun?

A noun is the name of a person, place, animal, or thing.
Types: Common (dog, city), Proper (Pune, Ravi), Abstract (love, anger), Collective (team, crowd)

Person: doctor, Meera | Place: Mumbai, market | Thing: phone, book | Idea: happiness, freedom

🗒️ मराठीत: नाम म्हणजे एखाद्या व्यक्तीचे, ठिकाणाचे, प्राण्याचे किंवा वस्तूचे नाव. उदा: मुलगा, पुणे, कुत्रा, आनंद.

🏪 At a shop

"I need a bag, two bottles of water, and some rice."

मला एक पिशवी, दोन बाटल्या पाणी, आणि थोडा तांदूळ हवा आहे.

bag, bottles, water, rice = nouns (things)

🏥 At a hospital

"The doctor at Sassoon Hospital is very kind."

सासून रुग्णालयातील डॉक्टर खूप दयाळू आहे.

doctor = common noun; Sassoon Hospital = proper noun

💬 Talking about feelings

"Happiness comes from small moments of kindness."

आनंद छोट्या दयाळूपणाच्या क्षणांमधून येतो.

happiness, kindness = abstract nouns (feelings)

doc·tor

/ˈdɒk.tər/

डॉक-टर — stress on first syllable

hos·pi·tal

/ˈhɒs.pɪ.tl/

हॉस-पि-टल — 3 syllables

hap·pi·ness

/ˈhæp.i.nəs/

हॅप-इ-नेस — stress on first

Person

Noun

व्यक्ती

Place

Noun

ठिकाण

Thing

Noun

वस्तू

Idea

Noun

कल्पना / भावना

Proper noun

Type

विशेष नाम (Pune, Ravi)

Common noun

Type

सामान्य नाम (city, man)

❓ Which word is a PROPER NOUN?

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3. Pronouns — I, You, He, She, They

सर्वनामे — मी, तू, तो, ती, ते

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📌 Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition

I · You · He · She · It · We · They (Subject pronouns) Me · You · Him · Her · It · Us · Them (Object pronouns)

❌ "Ravi went to market. Ravi bought Ravi's food."
✅ "Ravi went to market. He bought his food."

🗒️ मराठीत: सर्वनाम म्हणजे नामाच्या जागी वापरला जाणारा शब्द. "मी", "तू", "तो", "ती", "ते", "आम्ही", "ते सर्व" — हे सर्वनामे आहेत. पुनरावृत्ती टाळण्यासाठी वापरतात.

☕ Morning conversation at home

"She made tea. I drank it quickly because I was late."

तिने चहा बनवला. मी तो लवकर प्यालो कारण मला उशीर झाला होता.

she=ती, I=मी, it=तो (चहा)

🏢 In office

"We had a meeting. They gave us a new project."

आमची बैठक झाली. त्यांनी आम्हाला नवीन प्रकल्प दिला.

we=आम्ही, they=ते, us=आम्हाला

📞 Phone call

"Is he available? Can you ask him to call me back?"

तो उपलब्ध आहे का? तुम्ही त्याला मला परत कॉल करायला सांगू शकता का?

She

/ʃiː/

श + ई — long "ee" sound. मराठीत: ती

They

/ðeɪ/

ध + ए — "th" is soft. मराठीत: ते

His/Him

/hɪz/ /hɪm/

हिझ / हिम — short "i" sound

🔊 Common Mistake

"He" and "his" are different! He = subject (तो), His = possession (त्याचे). "He lost his phone" — तो म्हणजे subject, his म्हणजे त्याचे.

I / Me

1st person

मी / मला

You

2nd person

तू / तुम्ही

He / Him

3rd person

तो / त्याला

She / Her

3rd person

ती / तिला

We / Us

1st plural

आम्ही / आम्हाला

They / Them

3rd plural

ते / त्यांना

❓ "Sunita is a nurse. ___ works at a clinic." Which pronoun fits?

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4. Articles — A, An, The Key

उपसर्ग शब्द — A, An, The चा उपयोग

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📌 Three Articles

A — used before consonant sounds: a dog, a car, a university
An — used before vowel sounds: an apple, an hour, an honest man
The — specific/known thing: the sun, the book I gave you

A/An = any one thing (अनिश्चित) | The = specific thing (निश्चित)

🗒️ मराठीत: "A" आणि "An" म्हणजे "एक" (कोणतेही) — जसे "एक कुत्रा". "The" म्हणजे "तो/ती/ते" (विशिष्ट) — जसे "तो कुत्रा जो मी सांगितला". लक्षात ठेवा: "an" वापरतो जेव्हा पुढचे शब्द vowel sound ने सुरू होते.

⚡ Tricky Rule

"A university" — NOT "an university" because "university" starts with a /j/ (य) sound!
"An hour" — NOT "a hour" because "hour" starts with /aʊ/ vowel sound (H is silent).
अक्षर नव्हे, उच्चार पाहा!

🚌 Daily commute

"I saw a dog on the road this morning."

मी आज सकाळी रस्त्यावर एक कुत्रा पाहिला.

a dog = any dog; the road = specific road you know

🍽️ At a restaurant

"Can I have an orange juice and the menu?"

मला एक ऑरेंज ज्यूस आणि मेनू मिळेल का?

an orange juice = any OJ; the menu = specific restaurant menu

🌅 General knowledge

"The sun rises in the east."

सूर्य पूर्वेकडून उगवतो.

The = there is only one sun, one east — unique things

/ə/ (schwa)

Unstressed: "uh" sound. मराठीत: अ (मऊ)

/æn/

Like "and" without the d. मराठीत: ॲन

the

/ðə/ or /ðiː/

Before consonant: "dhuh" | Before vowel: "dhee"

Article

Grammar

उपसर्ग/विभक्ती

Definite

Adjective

निश्चित (The)

Indefinite

Adjective

अनिश्चित (A/An)

Vowel sound

Phonics

स्वर ध्वनी

❓ Which is correct? "___ honest man never lies."

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5. Present Simple Tense Key

साधा वर्तमान काळ — रोजच्या गोष्टींसाठी

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📌 Present Simple — Facts, Habits, Routines

Use for: habits, facts, schedules
I/You/We/They + base verb: "I eat rice."
He/She/It + verb+s/es: "She eats rice."

I work. / She works. / They go. / He goes. ❌ She work. ✅ She works. (add -s/-es for he/she/it)

🗒️ मराठीत: साधा वर्तमान काळ — रोजच्या सवयी, सत्य गोष्टी सांगण्यासाठी. "तो" किंवा "ती" साठी क्रियापदाला -s/-es लावतो. उदा: "She eats" (ती खाते), "He goes" (तो जातो).

🌅 Morning routine

"I wake up at 6, brush my teeth, and drink tea."

मी ६ वाजता उठतो, दात घासतो आणि चहा पितो.

👩‍💼 Describing a colleague

"She comes to office early. She checks emails first."

ती लवकर ऑफिसला येते. ती आधी ईमेल तपासते.

She → comes, checks (added -s)

🌍 Universal facts

"Water boils at 100°C. The earth revolves around the sun."

पाणी १०० अंशावर उकळते. पृथ्वी सूर्याभोवती फिरते.

-s

Three ways to pronounce -s:

/s/ after p,t,k,f: "eats /iːts/"
/z/ after vowels, b,d,g: "goes /ɡəʊz/"
/ɪz/ after s,z,sh,ch,x: "watches /ˈwɒtʃɪz/"

🔊 Practice

He eats = /iːts/ | She watches = /ˈwɒtʃɪz/ | He goes = /ɡəʊz/
-s, -es चा उच्चार वेगळा असतो — नीट ऐका!

Wake up

Phrasal verb

उठणे

Commute

Verb

कामावर जाणे-येणे

Routine

Noun

दैनंदिन दिनक्रम

Habit

Noun

सवय

Always

Adverb

नेहमी

Usually

Adverb

साधारणतः

Sometimes

Adverb

कधीकधी

Never

Adverb

कधीच नाही

❓ "He ___ to the market every day." Choose the correct form.

🌿 Intermediate Level

📘 Building Fluency

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6. Past Simple Tense Key

साधा भूतकाळ — झालेल्या गोष्टी सांगणे

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📌 Past Simple — Completed Actions

Regular verbs: add -ed: walk→walked, play→played
Irregular verbs: go→went, eat→ate, see→saw, buy→bought
Negative: did not (didn't) + base verb
Question: Did + subject + base verb?

I walked to school. / She didn't come. / Did you eat? / He went to Pune.

🗒️ मराठीत: भूतकाळ — जे आधी घडले. "मी गेलो", "तिने खाल्ले", "त्यांनी बघितले". नकारात्मकसाठी "didn't" वापरा. "Did you eat?" = "तू जेवलास का?"

🗣️ Sharing news with family

"I met an old friend today. We had lunch together and talked for hours."

आज मला एक जुना मित्र भेटला. आम्ही एकत्र जेवलो आणि तासभर बोललो.

🏥 At the doctor

"I felt fever last night. I didn't sleep well."

काल रात्री मला ताप वाटला. मी नीट झोपलो नाही.

👔 Job interview

"I worked at TCS for 3 years. I managed a team of 10 people."

मी TCS मध्ये ३ वर्षे काम केले. मी १० जणांच्या टीमचे व्यवस्थापन केले.

-ed

3 pronunciations of -ed:

/t/ after voiceless: "walked /wɔːkt/"
/d/ after voiced: "played /pleɪd/"
/ɪd/ after t/d: "wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/"

🔊 Key Irregular Verbs

Yesterday

Adverb

काल

Last night

Phrase

काल रात्री

Ago

Adverb

पूर्वी (2 days ago = २ दिवसांपूर्वी)

Suddenly

Adverb

अचानक

Finally

Adverb

शेवटी

Used to

Phrase

पूर्वी करायचो (habit)

❓ Past tense of "go" is ___

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7. Future Tense — Will & Going To

भविष्यकाळ — येणाऱ्या गोष्टी

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📌 Two main ways to talk about the future

Will — spontaneous decisions, predictions, promises
"I will help you." / "It will rain tomorrow."

Going to — planned future, intentions
"I am going to visit Pune next week."

Will + base verb | Am/Is/Are + going to + base verb

🗒️ मराठीत: "Will" = अचानक निर्णय किंवा वचन — "मी करेन". "Going to" = आधी ठरवलेले — "मी करणार आहे". उदा: "I will call you" = "मी तुला फोन करेन" | "I am going to study" = "मी अभ्यास करणार आहे".

📱 Making a promise

"Don't worry, I will finish the work by evening."

काळजी करू नका, मी संध्याकाळपर्यंत काम पूर्ण करेन.

✈️ Travel plans

"We are going to visit Goa in December."

आम्ही डिसेंबरमध्ये गोव्याला जाणार आहोत.

🌧️ Weather prediction

"Look at those clouds! It is going to rain."

ते ढग बघा! पाऊस पडणार आहे.

will

/wɪl/

Often shortened: "I'll /aɪl/", "She'll /ʃiːl/"

gonna

/ˈɡɒnə/

Informal spoken form of "going to" — "I'm gonna go"

💡 Spoken English Tip

In casual speech: "going to" → "gonna", "will" → "'ll". "I'm gonna call you" = "I am going to call you". बोलण्यात "gonna" वापरतात, लिहिताना नाही.

Tomorrow

Adverb

उद्या

Soon

Adverb

लवकरच

Next week

Phrase

पुढील आठवडा

Plan

Noun/Verb

योजना / ठरवणे

Promise

Noun/Verb

वचन देणे

Probably

Adverb

कदाचित

❓ You just decided to help someone. Which is correct?

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🎚️

8. Modal Verbs — Can, Could, Should, Must

सहाय्यक क्रियापदे — शक्यता, परवानगी, आवश्यकता

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📌 Modals — Express ability, permission, obligation

Can = ability/permission: "I can swim." / "Can I go?"
Could = past ability/polite request: "Could you help me?"
Should = advice: "You should see a doctor."
Must = strong obligation: "You must wear a helmet."
May/Might = possibility: "It might rain."

Modal + base verb (no -s, no -ed, no -ing after modal) ✅ She can swim. ❌ She cans swim. ❌ She can swims.

🗒️ मराठीत: Can = करू शकतो | Could = करू शकलो/शकाल का | Should = करायला हवे | Must = करणे आवश्यक आहे | May/Might = कदाचित होईल. Modal नंतर नेहमी base verb (साधे क्रियापद) वापरा.

🏥 At the doctor's clinic

"You should rest for two days. You must take this medicine."

तुम्ही दोन दिवस विश्रांती घ्यायला हवी. तुम्हाला हे औषध घेणे आवश्यक आहे.

🙏 Polite request

"Could you please pass the water? / Can I sit here?"

कृपया पाणी देता का? / मी इथे बसू का?

🌦️ Uncertainty

"I'm not sure — he might come late today."

मला खात्री नाही — तो आज उशिरा येऊ शकतो.

can't

/kɑːnt/ (UK) or /kænt/ (US)

Very different from "can /kən/"! Stress carefully.

should

/ʃʊd/

The L is SILENT! शुड — not "shouldd"

could

/kʊd/

L is SILENT! कुड — not "coul-d"

Ability

Noun

क्षमता

Permission

Noun

परवानगी

Obligation

Noun

बंधन/आवश्यकता

Advice

Noun

सल्ला

Possibility

Noun

शक्यता

Polite

Adjective

विनम्र

❓ "You ___ wear a seatbelt. It's the law!" Choose the correct modal.

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🎨

9. Adjectives — Describing Words

विशेषणे — वर्णन करणारे शब्द

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📌 Adjectives describe nouns

Position 1: Before noun — "a beautiful garden"
Position 2: After 'be' — "The garden is beautiful."
Comparison:
Positive: big | Comparative: bigger | Superlative: biggest
Long adjectives: beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful

Adj + Noun: a tall man | Noun + is/are + Adj: He is tall -er/-est for short | more/most for long (2+ syllables)

🗒️ मराठीत: विशेषण नामाचे वर्णन करते. "सुंदर बाग", "मोठे घर". तुलना: tall→taller→tallest (उंच→अधिक उंच→सर्वात उंच). beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful.

🏠 House hunting

"This apartment is bigger and cheaper than the old one."

हे अपार्टमेंट जुन्यापेक्षा मोठे आणि स्वस्त आहे.

🍛 Food review

"This is the most delicious biryani I've ever had. It's incredibly spicy!"

हा सर्वात स्वादिष्ट बिर्याणी आहे जो मी कधी खाल्ला. तो खूप तिखट आहे!

👗 Shopping

"The blue kurta is prettier than the green one."

निळा कुर्ता हिरव्यापेक्षा सुंदर आहे.

beautiful

/ˈbjuː.tɪ.fəl/

BYOO-ti-ful — 3 syllables. मराठीत: ब्यूटिफुल

delicious

/dɪˈlɪʃ.əs/

de-LISH-us — stress on 2nd syllable

⚠️ Common Mistake

❌ "more bigger" ❌ "most tallest" — NEVER double compare!
✅ "bigger" OR "more big" (but bigger is preferred for short adj)
"more bigger" चुकीचे आहे — एकतर -er वापरा किंवा more वापरा!

Beautiful

Adjective

सुंदर

Delicious

Adjective

स्वादिष्ट

Expensive

Adjective

महाग

Crowded

Adjective

गर्दीने भरलेले

Comfortable

Adjective

आरामदायक

Exhausted

Adjective

थकलेले

❓ Superlative form of "good" is ___

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10. Prepositions — In, On, At, By, With

शब्दयोगी अव्यये — ठिकाण, वेळ, संबंध दर्शवणे

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📌 Prepositions — show relationship between words

🗒️ मराठीत: "in" = आत (room मध्ये), "on" = वर (table वर), "at" = ठिकाणी (station वर). वेळेसाठी: "at" — अचूक वेळ, "on" — वार/तारीख, "in" — महिना/वर्ष.

📅 Making appointments

"Let's meet at 3pm on Friday at the coffee shop near the station."

शुक्रवारी दुपारी ३ वाजता स्टेशनजवळच्या कॉफी शॉपमध्ये भेटूया.

🏠 Describing home

"The keys are on the table, next to the phone."

किल्ल्या टेबलावर, फोनच्या शेजारी आहेत.

🚆 Travel directions

"Get off at Dadar station and walk towards the west exit."

दादर स्टेशनवर उतरा आणि पश्चिम बाहेर पडाच्या दिशेने चाला.

in/on/at

Unstressed: /ɪn/ /ɒn/ /ət/

In natural speech these are very short and often reduced. "at the" sounds like "utter"

through

/θruː/

थ्रू — the "gh" is SILENT

Above

Preposition

वरती

Below

Preposition

खाली

Between

Preposition

दरम्यान (2 things)

Among

Preposition

मध्ये (3+ things)

Opposite

Preposition

समोर

Along

Preposition

बाजूने

❓ "My birthday is ___ March 15." Which preposition?

🌳 Advanced Level

🚀 Fluency Zone

✓

🔀

11. Conditional Sentences — If Clauses

जर-तर वाक्ये — शर्त वाक्ये

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📌 Three main conditionals

Zero (always true): If + present, present — "If you heat water, it boils."
First (possible future): If + present, will — "If it rains, I will stay home."
Second (unlikely/imaginary): If + past, would — "If I had money, I would travel."
Third (past regret): If + had+pp, would have — "If I had studied, I would have passed."

1st: If + V(present), will + V | 2nd: If + V(past), would + V 3rd: If + had + V3, would have + V3

🗒️ मराठीत: "जर...तर" वाक्ये. जर पाऊस पडला तर मी घरी राहीन (1st). जर माझ्याकडे पैसे असते तर मी प्रवास केला असता (2nd/imaginary). जर मी अभ्यास केला असता तर उत्तीर्ण झालो असतो (3rd/past regret).

🎯 Advice in conversation

"If you practice every day, your English will improve fast."

जर तुम्ही रोज सराव केला, तर तुमचे इंग्रजी लवकर सुधारेल.

💭 Dreams & imagination

"If I were rich, I would build a school in my village."

जर मी श्रीमंत असतो, तर मी माझ्या गावात एक शाळा बांधली असती.

😔 Regret

"If I had taken that job, I would have earned more."

जर मी ती नोकरी घेतली असती, तर मी जास्त कमवले असते.

would

/wʊd/

L is SILENT! वुड. Contracted: "I'd /aɪd/", "She'd /ʃiːd/"

would've

/ˈwʊd.əv/

Common spoken: "woulda" — "I woulda gone" (informal)

Unless

Conjunction

जोपर्यंत नाही

Suppose

Verb

समजा, मानूया

Otherwise

Adverb

नाहीतर

Regret

Noun/Verb

खेद / पश्चात्ताप

Imagine

Verb

कल्पना करणे

Consequence

Noun

परिणाम

❓ "If I had money, I ___ buy a car." (imaginary situation)

✓

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12. Passive Voice — Action Focus

कर्मणी प्रयोग — क्रिया महत्त्वाची असते

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📌 Active vs Passive

Active: Subject does the action — "The chef cooked the food."
Passive: Action done to subject — "The food was cooked by the chef."

When to use passive: when doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious.

Passive = be (am/is/are/was/were) + past participle (V3) "The letter was written by her." / "English is spoken worldwide."

🗒️ मराठीत: कर्मणी प्रयोग — क्रिया कोण करतो हे महत्त्वाचे नसते. "अन्न शिजवले गेले" (The food was cooked). "इंग्रजी जगभर बोलली जाते" (English is spoken worldwide).

📰 News headline

"Three people were injured in the accident."

अपघातात तिघे जखमी झाले.

Who caused the accident is unknown → passive

🏭 Product/process

"This phone is made in India."

हा फोन भारतात बनवला जातो.

🏆 Achievement

"I was promoted last month. I was given a new team."

गेल्या महिन्यात माझी बढती झाली. मला नवीन टीम दिली गेली.

was/were

/wəz/ /wər/

Unstressed in passive: "was" sounds like "wuz"

💡 Key Past Participles

Built

बांधले गेले

Discovered

शोधले गेले

Invented

शोध लावला गेला

Announced

घोषित केले गेले

Established

स्थापन केले गेले

Approved

मंजूर केले गेले

❓ Change to passive: "The manager signed the letter."

✓

💬

13. Reported Speech — Telling What Someone Said

परोक्ष कथन — दुसऱ्याने काय सांगितले ते सांगणे

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📌 Direct vs Reported Speech

Direct: She said, "I am happy." → Reported: She said (that) she was happy.
Tense shifts back (backshift):
am/is → was | will → would | can → could | "I" → she/he | "you" → me/him/her

Direct: "I will come." → Reported: He said he would come. Direct: "Are you ready?" → She asked if I was ready.

🗒️ मराठीत: परोक्ष कथन — दुसऱ्याने काय म्हटले ते सांगतो. "ती म्हणाली की ती आनंदी आहे." (तो/ती + म्हणाला/म्हणाली + की + वाक्य). काळ एक पाऊल मागे जातो.

🗣️ Sharing gossip / news

"Rohan said he was leaving the company next month."

रोहान म्हणाला की तो पुढच्या महिन्यात कंपनी सोडणार आहे.

Direct: "I am leaving" → Reported: he was leaving

📞 Passing a message

"The doctor told me that I should rest for a week."

डॉक्टरांनी मला सांगितले की मी एक आठवडा विश्रांती घ्यायला हवी.

🏫 Teacher to student

"She asked if I had done my homework."

तिने विचारले की मी माझा गृहपाठ केला का.

said

/sɛd/

सेड — NOT "seed". Common mispronunciation!

told

/toʊld/

टोल्ड — told someone something (needs object)

⚠️ Said vs Told

"She said that..." (no person needed) vs "She told me that..." (person needed after "told").
❌ "She told that..." ✅ "She told me that..."
told नंतर व्यक्ती यायला हवी!

Mentioned

Verb

उल्लेख केला

Claimed

Verb

दावा केला

Denied

Verb

नाकारले

Admitted

Verb

कबूल केले

Promised

Verb

वचन दिले

Asked

Verb

विचारले

❓ Direct: "I can swim." → Reported: She said she ___ swim.

✓

🔗

14. Phrasal Verbs — Real Spoken English

वाक्यप्रचारातील क्रियापदे — बोलण्यात सर्वत्र

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📌 Phrasal Verbs = Verb + Particle (changes meaning!)

Give → give up (quit), give in (surrender), give out (distribute)
Look → look up (search), look after (care for), look forward to (anticipate)
Take → take off (fly/remove), take over (assume control), take up (start hobby)

Phrasal verb = verb + preposition/adverb (particle) Different particles = completely different meanings!

🗒️ मराठीत: phrasal verbs म्हणजे क्रियापद + एक छोटा शब्द = नवीन अर्थ! "Give up" म्हणजे सोडून देणे (give = देणे नव्हे). हे वेगवेगळे अर्थ लक्षात ठेवावे लागतात.

💪 Motivation talk

"Don't give up! Keep going and you'll figure it out."

हार मानू नका! चालत राहा आणि तुम्हाला मार्ग मिळेल.

🏢 Workplace

"Can you look into this problem? We need to sort it out by Friday."

तुम्ही या समस्येचा तपास करू शकता का? शुक्रवारपर्यंत ती सोडवायची आहे.

✈️ Exciting plans

"I'm really looking forward to the trip. We set off on Monday morning."

मला या प्रवासाची खूप उत्सुकता आहे. आम्ही सोमवारी सकाळी निघतो.

Stress

In phrasal verbs, stress the PARTICLE

"give UP" / "look INTO" / "take OFF" — particle is louder

🔊 Listening Tip

Native speakers say phrasal verbs very fast. "Look it up" sounds like "look-it-up" blended. Practice with songs, movies, podcasts. चित्रपट आणि गाणी ऐकून phrasal verbs शिका!

Break down

Phrasal V.

बिघडणे / कोसळणे

Bring up

Phrasal V.

विषय काढणे / वाढवणे

Call off

Phrasal V.

रद्द करणे

Come across

Phrasal V.

अचानक भेटणे/सापडणे

Run out of

Phrasal V.

संपून जाणे

Catch up

Phrasal V.

बरोबरी करणे / भेटणे

Put off

Phrasal V.

पुढे ढकलणे

Turn up

Phrasal V.

अचानक येणे

❓ "We ___ the meeting because the manager was sick." (cancelled)

Akash

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